Ureteric Stones

The stone is crushed or moved into the urethra using a long, slender endoscope with a diameter of 2 to 3 mm. 80% of stones can be successfully removed.

1. Stones moving upward due to anatomical limitations.
2. A small or flexible URS may be necessary.
3. C-Arm direction.

Blader stones

Endoscopic surgery is successful in removing almost any stone. The complication rate is nearly zero, and it only takes a day or less in the hospital. Painless surgery with minimal risks is available under local anesthesia with the use of a Nephroscope.

Antegrade PCNL

Large, hard stones are often found at the bottom of URSs. Stones that are not accessible to the URS can be pushed out of their way by ESWL. The success rate for URET is very high, and Laparoscopy and other surgical procedures are often needed in order to successfully remove the stone.

ESWL

Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy Lithotripsy was invented by Doenier. This is a procedure that does not require anesthesia and is not surgery at all. Urologists don't even touch patients.

The patient simply lies on the lithotripsy table, the 6-inch balloon touches the lion, and the sound waves hit the body, which feels like a forceful tap on the skin. This is done on an OPD basis and the patient is recalled for further treatment based on stone size and hardness.

1. Success rate 95%
2. No admission
3. Non Invasive
4. No Anaesthesia
5. Age no bar
6. Minimal side effects

PCNL

PERCUTANEOUS NEPHROLITHOLITHOTOMY.

Under anesthesia, a small hole of 7-8 mm was made in the lion through which an endoscope was inserted into the kidney to break up the stone and the fragments were then removed through the same hole.

1. Minimal Access Surgery
2. Stones of almost any size cleared
3. Hardness not a criteria
4. Minimal complication
5. Regional Anesthesia
6. Short hospital stay of 2 – 3 days
7. Minimal post op pain

Mini PCNL

Minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy, abbreviated mini-PCNL, is an endoscopic procedure to remove kidney stones. It is used for larger kidney stones (>1.5 cm) or when other treatments, such as shock wave therapy (ESWT) or flexible ureteronephroscopy, have been successful or unsuccessful due to the anatomical properties of the pelvic potassium system.
1.Mini-PCNL is an effective and very safe treatment for kidney stones, and depending on the size of the stones, repeat surgery is rarely required. Generally, the patient "clears the stone" immediately. The use of small instruments makes mini-PCNL a low-risk procedure. Serious complications such as massive bleeding are extremely rare and can be treated.
2. Insert the endoscope into the kidney. The kidney stones are then broken up and flushed away using a special laser, allowing direct observation of the procedure. At the end of the procedure, a catheter (a so-called renal fistula) is placed in the kidney to ensure drainage of urine. The catheter can usually be removed painlessly a few days after surgery.

Ultra Mini PCNL

Minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy, abbreviated mini-PCNL, is an endoscopic procedure to remove kidney stones. It is used for larger kidney stones (>1.5 cm) or when other treatments, such as shock wave therapy (ESWT) or flexible ureteronephroscopy, have been successful or unsuccessful due to the anatomical properties of the pelvic potassium system.
1.Mini-PCNL is an effective and very safe treatment for kidney stones, and depending on the size of the stones, repeat surgery is rarely required. Generally, the patient "clears the stone" immediately. The use of small instruments makes mini-PCNL a low-risk procedure. Serious complications such as massive bleeding are extremely rare and can be treated.
2. Insert the endoscope into the kidney. The kidney stones are then broken up and flushed away using a special laser, allowing direct observation of the procedure. At the end of the procedure, a catheter (a so-called renal fistula) is placed in the kidney to ensure drainage of urine. The catheter can usually be removed painlessly a few days after surgery.

RIRS (Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery)

RIRS (Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery): Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery (RIRS) is a procedure in which surgery is performed inside the kidney using a viewing tube called a fiber optic endoscope. In RIRS, an endoscope is inserted through the urethra (the opening of the urethra) into the bladder, and then through the ureter into the urine-collecting part of the kidney. Therefore, the endoscope goes retrograde (along the urinary system) into the kidney (inside the kidney). RIRS can be performed to remove stones. The stone can be seen with an oscilloscope, and can then be manipulated or crushed with an ultrasound probe, vaporized with a laser probe, or grasped with tweezers, etc. RIRS is performed by a urologist (endourologist) with expertise in RIRS. This procedure is usually performed under general or spinal anesthesia. Advantages of RIRS over open surgery include faster problem resolution, elimination of persistent postoperative pain, and faster recovery.